Wednesday, 20 October 2021

Daphne du Maurier – Rebecca, Sep 21, 2021


Daphne du Maurier – Rebecca, first edition 1938

Many remembered reading this novel in their teens or early twenties while at college. Daphne du Maurier was a best-selling novelist and her novels, often dark and brooding, with  hints of romance, attracted a wide readership.  Today Rebecca would be classified as a Gothic novel or a psychological thriller.

Three women figure prominently in the novel. The narrator herself who remains unnamed, Maxim de Winter’s deceased first wife Rebecca who dominates the novel, and the housekeeper, Mrs Danvers, who arranges the affairs of the estate of Maxim de Winter, Manderley. The novel can be seen as the journey of the second Mrs. de Winter from a hesitant and insecure naïf, kept in thrall by the domineering presence of Mrs. Danvers, to the confident mistress who rescues Maxim de Winter from his pathetic guilt-ridden state. 

“Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again,” is the famous opening line. The word ‘dreamt’ makes the reader throb with expectation, just as ‘Manderley’ with its hint of Mandalay makes one think of a mysterious locale. The reader is drawn into the story from the very beginning although it is not very exciting to read about the narrator’s life at first as a young handmaid and companion to an older woman on her travels.

The rescue from that life is almost a non-starter; Maxim de Winter says: “Instead of being companion to Mrs Van Hopper you become mine, and your duties will be almost exactly the same.” It does not exhilarate to be requisitioned as a wife into a role analogous to that of a travelling companion. Mrs Van Hopper's prediction of calamity is about to come true, although the narrator believes she is ‘dreadfully’ in love.

We learn how important it was to keep up appearances in the world in which Maxim de Winter moved. Maxim de Winter contributes nothing to making his new wife gain her rightful stature at Manderley, weighed down as he is with his own guilt. But it is the narrator’s ability to surmount that guilt and enable Maxim de Winter to survive, that gains her the freedom that she should have had from the beginning. The destruction of Manderley at the end is her final ascendancy. Women can rejoice now that Daphne du Maurier was a feminist, despite her reputation as a romance novelist. 

Daphne du Maurier (1907–1989) was one of the best-loved authors of popular fiction of her generation

Brief Bio of Daphne du Maurier by Thommo
Daphne du Maurier was born into a family with a rich artistic and historical background. She was born in 1907 in Regent’s Park, London, to actress, Muriel du Maurier (née Beaumont) and the highly successful actor-manager, Sir Gerald Hubert Edward Busson du Maurier. Daphne du Maurier therefore grew up in a theatrical milieu. 

She was home-educated by governesses. She and her two sisters were extremely close. The lived in a world of the imagination, spinning stories and creating imagined fantasies. It was during family holidays at the du Maurier country home in Bodinnick by Fowey, that she developed a life-long passion for Cornwall, an area which provided the back-drop for many of her stories.

She grew up enjoying enormous freedom. Few were the financial and parental restraints placed on her as she grew up. She spent her youth sailing boats, travelling on the Continent with friends, and writing stories.

A prestigious publishing house, William Heinemann, accepted her first novel, The Loving Spirit, when she was in her early twenties. Her subsequent novels became bestsellers, earning her enormous wealth and fame. Alfred Hitchcock's 1940 film, Rebecca, starring Sir Laurence Olivier as Maxim de Winter, Joan Fontaine as the second Mrs. de Winter and Dame Judith Anderson as the fiendish housekeeper Mrs. Danvers,  was based on the du Maurier novel.


Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine in Rebecca


Mrs. Danvers whispers fearful things into the ears of the new Mrs. de Winter

She wrote Rebecca during an unhappy period in Egypt as an army wife. While her husband was away at war, she moved back to Cornwall with the children to live in 'Menabilly', a house which she had loved since her early 20s.


Daphne du Maurier with her three children Tessa, Flavia, and Christian in front of Menabilly where she lived from 1943 to 1969 on a lease

There have been other film versions of Rebecca – a 1997 TV series and the 2000 movie version directed by Ben Wheatley.

While her contemporaries dealt critically with such subjects as the war, religion, poverty, Marxism, psychology and art, du Maurier produced ‘old-fashioned’ novels with exciting narratives that appealed to a popular audience's love of fantasy, adventure, sexuality and mystery.

Early on she recognised that her readership was principally composed of women. She cultivated their loyal following through several decades by embodying their desires and dreams in her novels and short stories. Priya as the distaff side of the selection team was therefore responsible for the choice of this novel.

Daphne du Maurier with her husband Major Frederick Arthur Montague Browning, and three daughters at Menabilly

du Maurier enjoyed the life of a fairy princess in a mansion in Cornwall called Menabilly, which served as the model for Manderley. In Rebecca du Maurier fuses psychological realism with a sophisticated version of the Cinderella story. The nameless heroine has been saved from a life of drudgery by marrying a handsome, wealthy aristocrat, but unlike the Prince in Cinderella, Maxim de Winter is old enough to be the narrator's father. The narrator must therefore do battle with The Other Woman—the dead Rebecca and her witch-like surrogate, Mrs Danvers—to win the love of her husband, who poses as a father-figure.

The father figure has a certain importance for du Maurier. In two of her other works – Julius and The Parasites – she introduces the image of a domineering but deadly father and the daring subject of incest.

The death of her husband in 1965 affected Daphne du Maurier profoundly. She felt her imaginative talent was declining. She moved from Menabilly to Kilmarth, in Par, where she wrote the well-received The House on the Strand in 1969, the same year that she was made a DBE. She had a nervous breakdown in 1981. She died at home in Cornwall in 1989 at the age of 81.

Had Rebecca been her only novel, du Maurier would still be one of the great shapers of popular culture and the modern imagination. Few writers have created more magical and mysterious places than Jamaica Inn and Manderley, buildings invested with a rich character that gives them a memorable life of their own.
 
When we first meet the unnamed narrator, she is the travelling companion of Mrs. Van Hopper, a loud American snob who travels the globe to enjoy the high life. She is always in search of meeting anyone remotely famous and tries to meet them by sipping coffee or having three-course meals in the restaurant at her hotel. She is a complete contrast to her shy, quiet, and unnamed companion.

Mrs. Van Hopper’s role is well played by Florence Bates but according to KumKum Dame Maggie Smith would have been better in the role.

Thommo and Geetha saw both the 1940 Hitchcock movie and the 2000 version directed by Ben Wheatley.  A discrepancy in both versions is that in the book, the father of the second Mrs. de Winter dies before her mother, while the mother dies before the father in the film versions.

Thommo read the novel about 60 years ago. After deciding on the book Thommo and Geetha saw both versions of the film, Hitchcock's and that of Ben Wheatley's. So did Devika. Priya who was the other member of the selecting team said she wished she had selected My Cousin Rachel, instead. She felt Rebecca was too ‘Bollywoodish.’ Indeed that may be why there are three versions of the film. 

Devika heard of this book first from her mother – it had made its mark among Indian women that long ago. She used to talk about another author, Marie Corelli, who is not talked about much now, but outsold Dickens in her day. Here is a complete collection of her 23 novels on Kindle for a mere ₹ 256. Thommo asked if Marie Corelli was a nun who had renounced her vows; however, there is no mention of this in her wiki entry. Priya wanted to read a novel of Pearl S. Buck in future, say, The Good Earth. Priya loved this introduction by Thommo.

You may read further a review of a biography titled Manderley Forever - The Life Of Daphne Du Maurier; by Tatiana De Rosnay; Published 5 October 2017 by Allen & Unwin UK, £18.99. It has more revelations about the author.

Additional notes from:
1. My Real Rebecca by Araminta Hall
2. Daphne du Maurier from the British Library

1. Saras

The opening lines of the novel have echoed in her memory, ever since she read it in school. The description of Manderley seemed very romantic to her then. It is all in a dream that the vision of Manderley in ruins appears to her ... “there was Manderley, our Manderley, secretive and silent as it had always been, the grey stone shining in the moonlight of my dream.” 

For a page or more the decay of the estate is described in rank detail from 2-storey high rhododendrons, and lilacs mating with copper beeches, to nameless shrubs and malevolent ivy choking the masonry. Jasper, their dog, lies in wait for the master, but it is all so pitiful that she could “ ... not talk of Manderley, I would not tell my dream. For Manderley was ours no longer. Manderley was no more.”

Manderley is also considered a character in the book, for it has a hold on the people from the master onward, to keep its staid life going and maintain its standing in the community. It also has a resonance with Mandalay, the name of a town in Burma about which Kipling wrote the poem
     By the old Moulmein Pagoda, lookin' lazy at the sea,
     There's a Burma girl a-settin', and I know she thinks o' me;
     For the wind is in the palm-trees, and the temple-bells they say:
     "Come you back, you British soldier; come you back to Mandalay! "

Gopa read this poem once at KRG. KumKum and Arundhaty were born in Burma, the two Burmese Bongs. Pamela was born in Dar es Salaam.

2. Geetha

Geetha's piece was interspersed between the two excerpts by Saras. It continues the description of Nature as it engulfs the burned-out and deserted mansion at the centre of Manderley, and encompasses it in a stranglehold. Humans have gone and left the vegetation to multiply unchecked. It is a powerful piece of description that creates an image of total disintegration:

drive ... narrow and unkempt ... Nature ... stealthy, insidious ... woods... a menace ... crowded, dark and uncontrolled ... squat oaks and tortured elms that straggled ... gravel surface gone ... gnarled roots looked like skeleton claws ... hydrangeas... gone native now, rearing to monster height ... a fallen tree ... a muddied ditch... a labyrinth, some choked wilderness, ... unnatural growth of a vast shrub.

The human is introduced at the end: “I stood, my heart thumping in my breast, the strange prick of tears behind my eyes.” 

3. Thommo

Thommo read from the beginning of Chapter 3. The selection captures the essence of the character of Mrs. Van Hopper, a loud American snob who travels the globe enjoying the high life with her unnamed companion – who is to become the second Mrs. de Winter in future. Mrs. Van Hopper is always in search of celebrities, wishing to meet anyone remotely famous. She tries to meet them by sipping coffee or over three-course meals in the restaurant of her hotel. She stands in complete contrast to her shy and quiet and unnamed companion.

Mrs. van Hopper’s role is well played by Florence Bates but Dame Maggie Smith would have performed it better, perhaps. Thommo and Geetha saw both the 1940 movie and the 2000 production directed by Ben Wheatley.  In the book, the father of the second Mrs. de Winter dies before her mother, while in both the movie versions, the mother dies before the father.

KumKum said the novel seemed childish to her. Joe teased her asking if it was a sign of advancing age perhaps, to consider a Gothic novel, a true psychological thriller, as childish. She read it in college and on this occasion skipped through the novel without paying much attention. “You mean you didn‘t read about the malevolent ivy that enfolded the lilac and the mated copper beech in her twisted tendrils?”, asked Joe.

But KumKum said the reader selections have beautifully covered the entire book.

KumKum 

KumKum selected her passage from Chapter 6 where Mrs. Van Hopper congratulates the heroine on landing Mr de Winter as husband. After making some innuendoes ('Tell me, have you been doing anything you shouldn't?')  Mrs. Van Hopper is upset at the end that she has not been invited to the wedding. The American lady calls English girls ‘dark horses.’

Arundhaty

She read the passage from Chapter 7 where the heroine makes the acquaintance of Mrs Danvers who is in charge of the house, while examining the west wing. Priya said when she joined the household of her own in-laws a a new bride she recalls being as frightened of the housekeeper as the second Mrs. de Winter was of Mrs. Danvers. The housekeeper was very nasty and would denigrate Priya in front of others.

The passage makes clear how the inexperience of the second Mrs. de Winter  allowed Mrs. Danvers to assume a position of mastery, and if not dictate, then at least overawe, her into doing things according to the housekeeper's predilections. This leads to the most serious faux pas later when it comes to the choice of fancy dress for the annual ball.

Geeta

The heroine, the unnamed narrator who is the second Mrs. de Winter, has no one to confide in. In this passage from Chapter 11 she chooses Frank Crawley, the agent of Mr. de Winter, to tell him she feels inadequate in her role. She hopes to get some confidence from talking to him. He assures her that all the wit and beauty in the world are not as important to a man as the qualities of kindness and sincerity in a woman. 

Joe commented that it is a little strange that Frank who must have known the first Mrs. de Winter well and seen how she tormented his master, Maxim de Winter, gave no hint in this conversation of her devilish qualities. As Thommo pointed out this is the Cinderella story retold and in it the first Mrs. de Winter, ably helped by her devoted housekeeper, Mrs. Danvers, acts the role of the witch. No doubt Maxim de Winter has to take blame. He gave an indication to the narrator that his first wife had sorely tried him, and he merely tolerated her with a strict understanding as to the limits of her dissolute ways. He need not have confessed to her about the murder – that would have put paid to the budding romance in Monte Carlo – but at least after marrying he could have told her about his misery in the previous marriage. Instead, after marrying her, Maxim de Winter more or less ignores the new Mrs. de Winter for three-quarters of the novel, and it is only towards the end after he is forced to confess, and finds her sympathetic, that in turn he opens up and reveals some tenderness.

Geeta said perhaps Maxim de Winter was afraid as a guilty party. What Maxim de Winter did was implicitly to make out that the previous Mrs de Winter had brought great glory to Manderley, and been the height of fashion, etc.  Priya said he could surely have been a better husband to the newly-wed young girl and eased her into her role.

Thommo raised the interesting question: did Maxim de Winter murder the first Mrs de Winter, meaning did the element of premeditation enter into the incident at the boathouse? Geeta insisted he killed her, but Thommo said killing does not legally amount to murder in the absence of other factors. It could have been an accident, for instance. But Arundhaty pointed out that Maxim de Winter went down to the boathouse with a gun, hence the element of premeditation can be presumed. Joe said in any event it could be called a crime passionel, a term that is used in French law to extenuate murder, and constitutes a valid defence to murder charges. 

Geetha said in the Hitchcock film the killing is shown to be accidental.

Geeta wondered why everyone refers to Maxim de Winter as old – he was only forty-two. In those days that was a senior age, said Thommo. Today the life expectancy in UK is 78 for men, and 82 for women. In the 1930s the life expectancy for males in UK was 58. Hence, de Winter's age of forty-two was equivalent to 56 today. 

Parenthetically, in India the the life expectancy at birth for males was 75.1 during the first half of 2020, 1.2 years less than in 2019.

Geetha said Maxim de Winter was old to be a bridegroom at forty-two. Not at all, replied Joe, one is never too old. Thommo chimed in with the lyric from the song, main kya karoon raam, mujhe buddha mil gaya from the 1964 film Sangam, starring Vyjayanthimala and Raj Kapoor. Geeta gave the example of Prince Albert II (born 1958) being married at the age of 53 to Princess Charlene (born 1978). You can marry at any age, according to Arundhaty. Devika said her father used to say age differences of plus or minus 10 do not matter at all. In past eras older men married younger women. Even now that is true, a number of readers said. Women are also marrying younger men – take Priyanka Chopra, the Indian actress who got married in 2019 at the age of 36 to Nick Jonas, who was ten years younger. Emmanuel Macron, the President of France, is married to Brigitte Trogneux, 24 years his senior and his former High School teacher.

Joe

Joe’s passage is a turning point in the novel, when the new Mrs. de Winter comes regally down the stairs to the ballroom ready for the grand party. She didn't know she was wearing the same costume as that worn by the previous Mrs. de Winter, a costume Maxim de Winter loathed, of a forbear of his whose portrait was hanging in the gallery.

She is on the threshold of learning that the former Mrs. de Winter was not loved by her husband. Priya asked if Mrs. Danvers had a hand in this huge faux pas of her wearing the dress modelled on the portrait. Yes, she realises immediately that she had been set up by Mrs. Danvers; it is the revenge of Mrs. Danvers for the loss of the person she adored, Rebecca. The novel mentions Mrs. Danvers was the ayah who brought her up. 

It puzzled Geeta why Maxim married Rebecca. He must have known her true colours. He must have known what she was like in social circles. Devika said Maxim only found out after marrying. Joe noted that the novel mentions she knew how to turn a good face to certain people and impress them – that she was a great lady, she knew all about maintaining a great estate, being at the dining table with great conversation, ruling over the Manderley demesne, welcoming friends at the parties, and so on. She would go off to London and have a different set of friends and live a double life, as Arundhaty remarked. Maxim de Winter would have discovered her other life after a while and then come to this arrangement: that she could do what she willed in London, but in the environs of Manderley her behaviour should be above reproach, acting as the perfect hostess. Devika added to this statement of Joe by noting Maxim discovered Rebecca’s duplicity very soon after his marriage, in five days, and almost pushed her off the cliff.

Geeta then asked why did Rebecca get married to Maxim de Winter since she had enough money of her own. Devika answered that she did not have the position as the wife of a great aristocrat with an estate like Manderley, which looms large in the novel.

Another matter that Arundhaty noted is the breaking of a piece of china by accident, which fell to the ground, and broke into fragments. The new Mrs. de Winter hid it in the draw of a desk and a servant got blamed before she owned up. Devika said you feel sorry for her but also want to shake her and ask, ‘Why are you such a dormouse?’ It has to do with the domineering influence of Mrs Danvers and the modest economic stratum from which the new Mrs. de Winter came. Her pennilessness may have given her that complex, said Arundhaty. She was so simple, so honest, according to Priya that she was adrift in the milieu of Manderley, and her husband noted how innocent she looked.

Priya

Priya liked the prose. KumKum suggested it was a good translation, thinking du Maurier was French, but not so; du Maurier may sound French like many English names of Norman origin, but she was English to the core. She grew up in Cornwall, said Thommo. Priya said the author keeps the tension going, and Devika appreciated the little details in the description. KumKum noted du Maurier's eye for Nature, which came out in the two starting passages by Saras and Geetha and a later one by Shoba.

Priya read the scene after the annual ball is over. But the narrator, the new Mrs. de Winter, is fighting the invisible presence of Rebecca, whose influence seems everywhere. She seems to be in the iron grip of a dead person, who is all pervading in Manderley, long after her death. A chance remark by KumKum to Joe saying he could not put the tea cup to warm the tea in the microwave, was heard by others who thought it was a commentary on how Rebecca could not even be dispersed by microwave radiation! She is embedded everywhere. She will never be rid of Rebecca who haunts the house and her own mind.

The passage ends on the note of the hopeless fight against Rebecca: ‘But Rebecca would never grow old. Rebecca would always be the same. And her I could not fight. She was too strong for me.’ 

The poor girl!

Devika

The narrator is the new Mrs de Winter. Maxim did not love her, when that was all that mattered to her. Then she hears Maxim confess about Rebecca:
‘Our marriage was a farce from the very first. She was vicious, damnable, rotten through and through. We never loved each other, never had one moment of happiness together. Rebecca was incapable of love, of tenderness, of decency.’

At the end her doubts are resolved and the new Mrs. de Winter can say:
‘I clung to one thing only, and repeated it to myself, over and over again. Maxim did not love Rebecca. He had never loved her, never, never.’

Everyone liked the passage for its resolution of the narrator's central dilemma. Geeta objected that the passage reveals Maxim to be a weak character – for he should have chucked up Rebecca as soon as he came to know of her licentious ways. Pamela said he could not afford to do that for it would bring great shame on his name and on Manderley. He makes this clear in the previous passage: ‘I would never stand in a divorce court and give her away, have fingers pointing at us, mud flung at us in the newspapers.’ 

Geeta insisted: ‘Why not, why not?’ The readers all agreed it was another period and another time in which family honour would not countenance a divorce even though it might be fully justified, and in particular, these lofty people did not want their names dragged through the mud in the newspapers. It was the 1930s, remember.

But Priya said Maxim was a weak guy. He could have handled both the old and the new Mrs. de Winter better. Thommo suggested he could have put Rebecca in a lunatic asylum! Or tied her up in one corner somewhere, suggested Devika. Everyone agreed Maxim failed in making the new Mrs. de Winter comfortable in her new status, and ignored her instead of giving her the love she deserved.

To her credit after the fire and the downfall of the Manderley mansion, when Maxim turns into a despondent man, it is the new Mrs. de Winter who shows her strength and nurtures his broken spirit. There was a lot of laughter when someone said Rebecca should have been expelled by Maxim.  Geetha said if such a woman appeared Thommo would run a mile away; Devika said she too has one in her house like that! Do you all have Mr. de Winters in your houses, asked Priya, to suffused laughter. Not as wealthy, that's all, replied Thommo.

Pamela said Maxim could not have taken extreme action, because his sister, Beatrice, and his mother (called Gran in the book) were so approving of Rebecca. In the novel it is stated that Beatrice did realise the true nature of Rebecca later, as Arundhaty stated. And when we talk of de Winter being weak, recall that later on when Favell comes and challenges him, de Winter stands his ground and takes him to the chambers of the doctor who had seen Rebecca before her death. That leads to the complete deflation of the charge of murder that Favell was preferring against de Winter.  He didn't give in to the blackmailer, said Arundhaty, proving he did have spunk. Priya conceded this somewhat redeems Maxim de Winter.

The family name and reputation mattered a lot to aristocrats, said Saras. So Maxim de Winter is trapped. Thommo reminded the gathering that at that time in England the worst offence a man could commit was to cheat at cards. If you were caught you did a disappearing act, for you had no standing left in society. A lot of them went off to the Continent to avoid the disgrace. But could aristocrats have dalliances, asked Geeta? Sure, but that was venial compared to cheating at cards, retorted Thommo.

Gopa

Joe played the sound file of Gopa's reading. She felt she might have to absent herself on the day, and so had sent a recording in advance. It is here:

Gopa reading her passage

In the passage Favell, Rebecca’s lover, accuses Maxim De Winter before the magistrate, Colonel Julyan, of murdering Rebecca . He concludes the accusation thus:
'Rebecca never opened those seacocks, nor split the holes in the planking. Rebecca never committed suicide. You've asked for my opinion, and by God you shall have it. Rebecca was murdered.’

Things get interesting here. Joe said that the person who repaired the boat and made it sea-worthy after its importation from France, had given evidence that there were many deliberate actions taken to scuttle the boat. Therefore its sinking could not have been accidental or caused by the boat striking a rock. The seacocks being opened required human intervention, but the boat repairer's statements are given little weight in the proceedings. The magistrate seemed biased in favour of Maxim de Winter. Anyhow that's the way the story goes and it is the prerogative of the author to spin it the way she wanted.

Shoba

Shoba remarked how beautiful are the prose descriptions of Nature by du Maurier. Her passage at the end of the novel stands in stark contrast with the opening, where Nature has run riot and the estate is overgrown with vegetation, out of control. Here the author describes the peace of Manderley when the new Mrs. de Winter  lived there – the birds jostling, the gardeners astir, the crisp hot smell of bacon, and the dogs wandering out to sun themselves on the terrace. The narrator remarks:
‘The quietude and the grace. Whoever lived within its walls, whatever trouble there was and strife, however much uneasiness and pain, no matter what tears were shed, what sorrows borne, the peace of Manderley could not be broken or the loveliness destroyed ... No one would ever hurt Manderley. It would lie always in a hollow like an enchanted thing, guarded by the woods, safe, secure.’

The narrator (the new Mrs. de Winter) affirms how peaceful Manderley was but it will not last; soon disaster will strike. That is the sad thing, said Shoba. Geetha said she still prefers the prose of the dark opening passage describing the rank overgrowth that chokes the grounds of Manderley in its decaying state. An alternate name for the novel would be ‘Manderley’, Shoba suggested.

Pamela

Pamela read from the novel's ending, when Maxim and the new Mrs. de Winter are driving back from the deposition by Rebecca's doctor that lent credence to the view that she committed suicide. With this favourable verdict endorsed by Colonel Julyan, the magistrate, the couple are free. 

They ride back to Manderley through the night, while she falls asleep and has a nightmare in the car; but then she gets up and sits beside Maxim as he is driving. They see a brightness in the distance:
‘The sky above our heads was inky black. But the sky on the horizon was not dark at all. It was shot with crimson, like a splash of blood. And the ashes blew towards us with the salt wind from the sea.’

Pamela noted that the last line takes the form of a tetrameter in anapaests (two unstressed followed by one stressed syllable). 
And the ashes blew towards us with the salt wind from the sea.

She compared it to the first line of the novel:
Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again.

Now the first line is indeed divided exactly as to stress into six iambs, i.e., one unstressed followed by one stressed syllable, thus:
  ︶       —   ︶    —        ︶   —   ︶   —    ︶   —    ︶  —
Last night| I dreamt | I went |to Man|derley | again.

Six iambs means twelve syllables and there are exactly twelve, and the stressed syllables alternate with the unstressed, as required for iambs.

However a tetrameter  of anapaests would require 4x3 syllables, but the last line of the novel has 15 syllables. So there's a mismatch. If one is so bold as to metrically parse the line, it would best be seen as: an anapaest followed by six iambs, which gives 1x3 + 6x2 = 15 syllables, thus:
  ︶    ︶    —   ︶    —     ︶   —      ︶   —      ︶   —       ︶      —        ︶    —
And the ash-|es blew | towards |us with | the salt | wind from | the sea.

Or alternatively, you can say it is a pentameter of anapaests, thus:

  ︶    ︶    —    ︶    ︶  —       ︶    ︶    —       ︶   ︶    —         ︶    ︶  —
And the ash-| es blew to-| wards us with | the salt wind | from the sea.

But this does not sound right to the ear as a natural reading.

Anyway, the rhythms of prose are quite different from those of poetry in English. And the ending line does not resonate as emblematic of the fate that has overtaken the house and the couple driving towards it. Nor is it as memorable as the opening line. The comment under ‘Literary technique’ at the wiki entry for the novel, which Pamela endorsed, does not seem to be well-judged.

Shoba raised the issue of whether Maxim de Winter loses his mind after the fire and becomes mentally ill. This is in the flashback at the beginning of the novel when they are sitting together. Possibly he lost it when he saw the house burned down, said Shoba. Joe asked Shoba where she derived the sense of Maxim de Winter having lost his mind. Shoba replied she infers this from the statement that he had 'moments of clarity.' But these are the actual lines in the novel that allude to his loss of memory:
‘He is wonderfully patient and never complains, not even when he
remembers ... which happens, I think, rather more often than he would have
me know.’

This is from Chapter 2, not the opening chapter. KumKum missed the hint that he had lost his memory and so did Joe, although it was clear that after the fire, Maxim had lost his independent spirit and become dependent on the new Mrs. de Winter.

Alfred Hitchcock and David Selznick pitched for the novel and made a movie, said Thommo. It turned out well for it was the only film for which Hitchcock won the Academy Award for the Best Picture. Hitchcock had a special relationship with Daphne du Maurier and this is explored in the article titled How Daphne du Maurier became Hitchcock’s favourite author. Another fact about the novel: within four months of its publication it had sold 220,000 copies. In the early 1990s, some 50 years later, US publishers Avon estimated ongoing monthly sales at about 4,000 copies. It was a popular choice of book clubs on both sides of the Atlantic. It's considered a psychological thriller, and in Thommo's opinion the novel is not at all a teenager's novel. Everyone agreed. He was glad we chose it.

Another point Thommo found out was that the reason the movie does not show it as a murder is that the cinematographic code at the time did not permit showing anyone getting away with a crime like murder – in this case it would have been the hero. Everybody laughed and said that was then, not now.

Priya commented that she likes the novel better now, after the joint reading. Thommo agreed; that's the way with most of the novels we read. Pamela initially was drawn to it for its romance (though there's mighty little), but now she was more intrigued by the murder aspect. Priya was introduced to the novel by a cousin who’d read these novels to them; she heard the story from the cousin before she read the novel. Geetha said most of us have read the novel in our youth. The book was in Thommo's house growing up because one of his sisters was named Rebecca.

Joe posed the question: what would be a suitable name for the unnamed heroine, the second Mrs. de Winter? It should be an unusual name, someone said. An exercise for the diligent reader. Joe had done a search for the word ‘clarity’ and said there is only one occurrence of the word in the novel and it is not in connection with ‘moments of clarity.’ Perhaps she has imagined the phrase, Shoba said; she'll look. Joe said he'd be grateful if Shoba sent him the precise allusion to Maxim's loss of memory.

KumKum's fascination was all with the flowers du Maurier mentions in the garden of Manderley. And the birds in Shoba's reading, said Devika.

Pamela the Bible expert said Mrs. Danvers in the novel is compared to Jezebel. Jezebel was a harridan who influenced her husband to worship Baal and break the rules of Jewish Law. However, it's not Mrs. Danvers but Mrs. Van Hopper who is compared to Jezebel in the novel:
‘All I can say is that I hope your tennis will improve; it will be useful to you later on. A poor player is a great bore. Do you still serve underhand?' She flipped the Queen of Spades into the pool, and the dark face stared up at me like Jezebel.’

The other remark was that the heroine talks of ‘bottling up’ her memories. Geetha said the one song Thommo sang to her when they got married went thus:
'If I could save time in a bottle ...’

‘I don't know if he meant it!’, said Geetha. Devika countered: ‘And you say he is not romantic!’

Thommo sang the first stanza of the song:
If I could save time in a bottle
The first thing that I'd like to do
Is to save everyday 'til eternity passes away
Just to spend it with you.

If I could make wishes come true
I'd save everyday like a treasure and then
Save them ...

He could not remember further. Everyone was happy to clap Thommo on with his song that must have swept Geetha off her feet! Then Thommo gave the news that they'd be shifting to B-704 Riviera Retreat by the time the next meeting came around. The second item of news Thommo offered is that his book, The Shrouded Sceptre, on the dissolution of the Travancore National and Quilon Bank, would be out by then and he would be releasing it in a Zoom convocation. Malayala Manorama has ordered 75 copies in advance.

KumKum congratulated Thommo and Geetha on the move, but they will leave a lot of memories behind. Arun (Arundhaty) was the one who designed their house, and she is saddest about their departure. In Riviera Retreat they'll be across the road from Geeta. There was a party at Arundhaty's place with friends like Liz Thomas, who's off to the UK for a holiday. Arundhaty won't be moving because her children are here and come by frequently, and as Geetha said, there is no sunrise she can enjoy like her riverside sunrise at the present house.

The next meeting is a Poetry Session without any specific theme on Sep 29. By November please hand in the novel selections. Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard by Kiran Desai is the selection by Devika and Saras for Jan 2022.

Reading Passages

Saras

Ch 1 – Manderley nostalgia


Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again. It seemed to me I stood by the iron gate leading to the drive, and for a while I could not enter, for the way was barred to me. There was a padlock and chain upon the gate. I called in my dream to the lodge-keeper, and had no answer, and peering closer through the rusted spokes of the gate I saw that the lodge was uninhabited. 

No smoke came from the chimney, and the little lattice windows gaped forlorn. Then, like all dreamers, I was possessed of a sudden with supernatural powers and passed like a spirit through the barrier before me.

… (–cut to Geetha’s reading below and then back here–)

There was Manderley, our Manderley, secretive and silent as it had always been, the grey stone shining in the moonlight of my dream, the mullioned windows reflecting the green lawns and the terrace. Time could not wreck the perfect symmetry of those walls, nor the site itself, a jewel in the hollow of a hand.

The terrace sloped to the lawns, and the lawns stretched to the sea, and turning I could see the sheet of silver placid under the moon, like a lake undisturbed by wind or storm. No waves would come to ruffle this dream water, and no bulk of cloud, wind-driven from the west, obscure the clarity of this pale sky. I turned again to the house, and though it stood inviolate, untouched, as though we ourselves had left but yesterday, I saw that the garden had obeyed the jungle law, even as the woods had done. The rhododendrons stood fifty feet high, twisted and entwined with bracken, and they had entered into alien marriage with a host of nameless shrubs, poor, bastard things that clung about their roots as though conscious of their spurious origin. A lilac had mated with a copper beech, and to bind them yet more closely to one another the malevolent ivy, always an enemy to grace, had thrown her tendrils about the pair and made them prisoners. Ivy held prior place in this lost garden, the long strands crept across the lawns, and soon would encroach upon the house itself. There was another plant too, some half-breed from the woods, whose seed had been scattered long ago beneath the trees and then forgotten, and now, marching in unison with the ivy, thrust its ugly form like a giant rhubarb towards the soft grass where the daffodils had blown.

Nettles were everywhere, the vanguard of the army. They choked the terrace, they sprawled about the paths, they leant, vulgar and lanky, against the very windows of the house. They made indifferent sentinels, for in many places their ranks had been broken by the rhubarb plant, and they lay with crumpled heads and listless stems, making a pathway for the rabbits. I left the drive and went on to the terrace, for the nettles were no barrier to me, a dreamer. I walked enchanted, and nothing held me back.

Moonlight can play odd tricks upon the fancy, even upon a dreamer's fancy. As I stood there, hushed and still, I could swear that the house was not an empty shell but lived and breathed as it had lived before. Light came from the windows, the curtains blew softly in the night air, and there, in the library, the door would stand half open as we had left it, with my handkerchief on the table beside the bowl of autumn roses. … And Jasper, dear Jasper, with his soulful eyes and great, sagging jowl, would be stretched upon the floor, his tail a-thump when he heard his master's footsteps.

… The day would lie before us both, long no doubt, and uneventful, but fraught with a certain stillness, a dear tranquillity we had not known before. We would not talk of Manderley, I would not tell my dream. For Manderley was ours no longer. Manderley was no more. (657 words)


Geetha

Ch 1 – Return to a deserted Manderley, where the unchecked growth of plants and trees has choked the grounds.

The drive wound away in front of me, twisting and turning as it had always done, but as I advanced I was aware that a change had come upon it; it was narrow and unkempt, not the drive that we had known. At first I was puzzled and did not understand, and it was only when I bent my head to avoid the low swinging branch of a tree that I realised what had happened. Nature had come into her own again and, little by little, in her stealthy, insidious way had encroached upon the drive with long, tenacious fingers. The woods, always a menace even in the past, had triumphed in the end. They crowded, dark and uncontrolled, to the borders of the drive. The beeches with white, naked limbs leant close to one another, their branches intermingled in a strange embrace, making a vault above my head like the archway of a church. And there were other trees as well, trees that I did not recognise, squat oaks and tortured elms that straggled cheek by jowl with the beeches, and had thrust themselves out of the quiet earth, along with monster shrubs and plants, none of which I remembered.

The drive was a ribbon now, a thread of its former self, with gravel surface gone, and choked with grass and moss. The trees had thrown out low branches, making an impediment to progress; the gnarled roots looked like skeleton claws. Scattered here and again amongst this jungle growth I would recognise shrubs that had been landmarks in our time, things of culture and grace, hydrangeas whose blue heads had been famous. No hand had checked their progress, and they had gone native now, rearing to monster height without a bloom, black and ugly as the nameless parasites that grew beside them.

On and on, now east now west, wound the poor thread that once had been our drive. Sometimes I thought it lost, but it appeared again, beneath a fallen tree perhaps, or struggling on the other side of a muddied ditch created by the winter rains. I had not thought the way so long. Surely the miles had multiplied, even as the trees had done, and this path led but to a labyrinth, some choked wilderness, and not to the house at all. I came upon it suddenly; the approach masked by the unnatural growth of a vast shrub that spread in all directions, and I stood, my heart thumping in my breast, the strange prick of tears behind my eyes.


Thommo


Chapter 3 – The unnamed heroine’s employer uses her as a bait to inveigle guests to converse with her

I wonder what my life would be today, if Mrs Van Hopper had not been a snob. 

Funny to think that the course of my existence hung like a thread upon that quality of hers. Her curiosity was a disease, almost a mania. At first I had been shocked, wretchedly embarrassed; I would feel like a whipping boy who must bear his master's pains when I watched people laugh behind her back, leave a room hurriedly upon her entrance, or even vanish behind a Service door on the corridor upstairs. For many years now she had come to the Hotel Cote d'Azur, and, apart from bridge, her one pastime which was notorious by now in Monte Carlo, was to claim visitors of distinction as her friends had she but seen them once at the other end of the post-office. Somehow she would manage to introduce herself, and before her victim had scented danger she had proffered an invitation to her suite. Her method of attack was so downright and sudden that there was seldom opportunity to escape. At the Cote d'Azur she staked a claim upon a certain sofa in the lounge, midway between the reception hall and the passage to the restaurant, and she would have her coffee there after luncheon and dinner, and all who came and went must pass her by. Sometimes she would employ me as a bait to draw her prey, and, hating my errand, I would be sent across the lounge with a verbal message, the loan of a book or paper, the address of some shop or other, the sudden discovery of a mutual friend. It seemed as though notables must be fed to her, much as invalids are spooned their jelly; and though titles were preferred by her, any face once seen in a social paper served as well. Names scattered in a gossip column, authors, artists, actors, and their kind, even the mediocre ones, as long as she had learnt of them in print. 

I can see her as though it were but yesterday, on that unforgettable afternoon – never mind how many years ago  – when she sat at her favourite sofa in the lounge, debating her method of attack. I could tell by her abrupt manner, and the way she tapped her lorgnette against her teeth, that she was questing possibilities. I knew, too, when she had missed the sweet and rushed through dessert, that she had wished to finish luncheon before the new arrival and so instal herself where he must pass. Suddenly she turned to me, her small eyes alight. 

'Go upstairs quickly and find that letter from my nephew. You remember, the one written on his honeymoon, with the snapshot. Bring it down to me right away.' 

I saw then that her plans were formed, and the nephew was to be the means of introduction. Not for the first time I resented the part that I must play in her schemes. Like a juggler's assistant I produced the props, then silent and attentive I waited on my cue. This newcomer would not welcome intrusion, I felt certain of that. In the little I had learnt of him at luncheon, a smattering of hearsay garnered by her ten months ago from the daily papers and stored in her memory for future use, I could imagine, in spite of my youth and inexperience of the world, that he would resent this sudden bursting in upon his solitude. Why he should have chosen to come to the Cote d'Azur at Monte Carlo was not our concern, his problems were his own, and anyone but Mrs Van Hopper would have understood. Tact was a quality unknown to her, discretion too, and because gossip was the breath of life to her this stranger must be served for her dissection.


KumKum 


Chapter 6 – Mrs Van Hopper congratulates the heroine on landing Mr De Winter as a husband

She was standing by the window, smoking a cigarette……...I noticed he doesn’t ask me to the wedding.” 

She was standing by the window, smoking a cigarette, an odd, dumpy little figure I should not see again, her coat stretched tight over her large breasts, her ridiculous hat perched sideways on her head. 

'Well,' she said, her voice dry and hard, not the voice she would have used to him. 'I suppose I've got to hand it to you for a double-time worker. Still waters certainly run deep in your case. How did you manage it?' 

I did not know what to answer. I did not like her smile. 'It was a lucky thing for you I had the influenza,' she said. 'I realise now how you spent your days, and why you were so forgetful. Tennis lessons my eye. You might have told me, you know.' 

'I'm sorry,' I said. 

She looked at me curiously, she ran her eyes over my figure. 'And he tells me he wants to marry you in a few days. Lucky again for you that you haven't a family to ask questions. Well, it's nothing to do with me any more, I wash my hands of the whole affair. I rather wonder what his friends will think, but I suppose that's up to him. You realise he's years older than you?' 

'He's only forty-two,' I said, 'and I'm old for my age.' 

She laughed, she dropped cigarette ash on the floor. 'You certainly are,' she said. She went on looking at me in a way she had never done before. Appraising me, running her eyes over my points like a judge at a cattle show. There was something inquisitive about her eyes, something unpleasant. 

'Tell me,' she said, intimate, a friend to a friend, 'have you been doing anything you shouldn't?' 

She was like Blaize, the dressmaker, who had offered me that ten per cent. 

'I don't know what you mean,' I said. 

She laughed, she shrugged her shoulders. 'Oh, well... never mind. But I always said English girls were dark horses, for all their hockey-playing attitude. So I'm supposed to travel to Paris alone, and leave you here while your beau gets a marriage licence? I notice he doesn't ask me to the wedding.'


Arundhaty


Chapter 7 – Examining the west wing of the mansion, the heroine makes the acquaintance of Mrs Danvers who is in charge of the house

A black figure stood waiting for me at the head of the stairs, the hollow eyes watching me intently from the white skull's face. I looked round for the solid Frith, but he had passed along the hall and into the further corridor.

I was alone now with Mrs Danvers. I went up the great stairs towards her, and she waited motionless, her hands folded before her, her eyes never leaving my face. I summoned a smile, which was not returned, nor did I blame her, for there was no purpose to the smile, it was a silly thing, bright and artificial. 'I hope I haven't kept you waiting,' I said.

I came to a little anteroom, or boudoir, furnished with a sofa, chairs, and writing-desk, which opened out to a large double bedroom with wide windows and a bathroom beyond. I went at once to the window, and looked out. The rose-garden lay below, and the eastern part of the terrace, while beyond the rose-garden rose a smooth grass bank, stretching to the near woods.


You can't see the sea from here, then,' I said, turning to Mrs Danvers. 'No, not from this wing,' she answered; 'you can't even hear it, either. You would not know the sea was anywhere near, from this wing.'

She spoke in a peculiar way, as though something lay behind her words, and she laid an emphasis on the words 'this wing', as if suggesting that the suite where we stood now held some inferiority.

'I'm sorry about that; I like the sea,' I said. She did not answer; she just went on staring at me, her hands folded before her.

"Then this was not his bedroom originally?' I said. 'No, Madam, he's never used the room in this wing before.'

'Oh,' I said, 'he didn't tell me that,' and I wandered to the dressing-table and began combing my hair. I was glad Maxim had given me a set of brushes, and that they were laid out there, upon the dressing-table, for Mrs Danvers to see. They were new, they had cost money, I need not be ashamed of them.


'I suppose you have been at Manderley for many years,' I said, making a fresh effort, 'longer than anyone else?'


Not so long as Frith,' she said, and I thought how lifeless her voice was, and cold, like her hand when it had lain in mine; 


Once more, I glanced up at her and once more I met her eyes, dark and sombre, in that white face of hers, instilling into me, I knew not why, a strange feeling of disquiet, of foreboding. I tried to smile, and could not; I found myself held by those eyes, that had no light, no flicker of sympathy towards me.

'I came here when the first Mrs de Winter was a bride,' she said, and her voice, which had hitherto, as I said, been dull and toneless, was harsh now with unexpected animation, with life and meaning, and there was a spot of colour on the gaunt cheek-bones.

The change was so sudden that I was shocked, and a little scared. I did not know what to do, or what to say. It was as though she had spoken words that were forbidden, words that she had hidden within herself for a long time and now would be repressed no longer. Still her eyes never left my face; they looked upon me with a curious mixture of pity and of scorn, until I felt myself to be even younger and more untutored to the ways of life than I had believed.

I could see she despised me, marking with all the snobbery of her class that I was no great lady, that I was humble, shy, and diffident. Yet there was something beside scorn in those eyes of hers, something surely of positive dislike, or actual malice? (650 words)


Geeta


Ch 11 – The heroine confesses to Frank, the agent of Mr De Winter, that she feels inadequate 

'Mrs de Winter, please don't think that,' he said. 'For my part I can't tell you how delighted I am that you have married Maxim. It will make all the difference to his life. I am positive that you will make a great success of it. From my point of view it's - it's very refreshing and charming to find someone like yourself who is not entirely - er -' he blushed, searching for a word 'not entirely au fait, shall we say, with ways at Manderley. And if people around here give you the impression that they are criticising you, it's - well - it's most damnably offensive of them, that's all. I've never heard a word of criticism, and if I did I should take great care that it was never uttered again.' 

'That's very sweet of you, Frank,' I said, 'and what you say helps enormously. I dare say I've been very stupid. I'm not good at meeting people, I've never had to do it, and all the time I keep remembering how - how it must have been at Manderley before, when there was someone there who was born and bred to it, did it all naturally and without effort. And I realise, every day, that things I lack, confidence, grace, beauty, intelligence, wit - Oh, all the qualities that mean most in a woman - she possessed. It doesn't help, Frank, it doesn't help.' 

He said nothing. He went on looking anxious, and distressed. He pulled out his handkerchief and blew his nose. 'You must not say that,' he said. 'Why not? It's true,' I said. 

'You have qualities that are just as important, far more so, in fact. It's perhaps cheek of me to say so, I don't know you very well. I'm a bachelor, I don't know very much about women, I lead a quiet sort of life down here at Manderley as you know, but I should say that kindness, and sincerity, and - if I may say so - modesty are worth far more to a man, to a husband, than all the wit and beauty in the world.' 

He looked very agitated, and blew his nose again. I saw that I had upset him far more than I had upset myself, and the realisation of this calmed me and gave me a feeling of superiority. I wondered why he was making such a fuss. After all, I had not said very much. I had only confessed my sense of insecurity, following as I did upon Rebecca. And she must have had these qualities that he presented to me as mine. She must have been kind and sincere, with all her friends, her boundless popularity. I was not sure what he meant by modesty. It was a word I had never understood. I always imagined it had something to do with minding meeting people in a passage on the way to the bathroom... Poor Frank. And Beatrice had called him a dull man, with never a word to say for himself. 

'Well,' I said, rather embarrassed, 'well, I don't know about all that. I don't think I'm very kind, or particularly sincere, and as for being modest, I don't think I've ever had much of a chance to be anything else. It was not very modest, of course, being married hurriedly like that, down in Monte Carlo, and being alone there in that hotel, beforehand, but perhaps you don't count that?' 

'My dear Mrs de Winter, you don't think I imagine for one moment that your meeting down there was not entirely above board?' he said in a low voice. 

'No, of course not,' I said gravely. Dear Frank. I think I had shocked him. What a Frankish expression, too, 'above board'. It made one think immediately of the sort of things that would happen below board. 

'I'm sure,' he began, and hesitated, his expression still troubled, 'I'm sure that Maxim would be very worried, very distressed, if he knew how you felt. I don't think he can have any idea of it.' 'You won't tell him?' I said hastily.


Joe


Ch 17 – The heroine comes down to the party dressed as Caroline de Winter  and causes a shock.

I came forward to the head of the stairs and stood there, smiling, my hat in my hand, like the girl in the picture. I waited for the clapping and laughter that would follow as I walked slowly down the stairs. Nobody clapped, nobody moved.

They all stared at me like dumb things. Beatrice uttered a little cry and put her hand to her mouth. I went on smiling, I put one hand on the bannister.

'How do you do, Mr de Winter,' I said.

Maxim had not moved. He stared up at me, his glass in his hand. There was no colour in his face. It was ashen white. I saw Frank go to him as though he would speak, but Maxim shook him off. I hesitated, one foot

already on the stairs. Something was wrong, they had not understood. Why was Maxim looking like that? Why did they all stand like dummies, like people in a trance?

Then Maxim moved forward to the stairs, his eyes never leaving my face.

'What the hell do you think you are doing?' he asked. His eyes blazed in anger. His face was still ashen white.

I could not move, I went on standing there, my hand on the bannister.

'It's the picture,' I said, terrified at his eyes, at his voice. 'It's the picture, the one in the gallery.'

There was a long silence. We went on staring at each other. Nobody moved in the hall. I swallowed, my hand moved to my throat. 'What is it?' I said. 'What have I done?'

If only they would not stare at me like that with dull blank faces. If only somebody would say something. When Maxim spoke again I did not recognise his voice. It was still and quiet, icy cold, not a voice I knew.

'Go and change,' he said, 'it does not matter what you put on. Find an ordinary evening frock, anything will do. Go now, before anybody comes.'

I could not speak, I went on staring at him. His eyes were the only living things in the white mask of his face.

'What are you standing there for?' he said, his voice harsh and queer. 'Didn't you hear what I said?'

I turned and ran blindly through the archway to the corridors beyond. (385 words) 


Priya


Chapter 18 – The heroine feels she is in the iron grip of the dead Rebecca

Rebecca, always Rebecca. Wherever I walked in Manderley, wherever I sat, even in my thoughts and in my dreams, I met Rebecca. I knew her figure now, the long slim legs, the small and narrow feet. Her shoulders, broader than mine, the capable clever hands. Hands that could steer a boat, could hold a horse. Hands that arranged flowers, made the models of ships, and wrote 'Max from Rebecca' on the fly-leaf of a book. I knew her face too, small and oval, the clear white skin, the cloud of dark hair. I knew the scent she wore, I could guess her laughter and her smile. If I heard it, even among a thousand others, I should recognise her voice. Rebecca, always Rebecca. I should never be rid of Rebecca. 

Perhaps I haunted her as she haunted me; she looked down on me from the gallery as Mrs Danvers had said, she sat beside me when I wrote my letters at her desk. That mackintosh I wore, that handkerchief I used. They were hers. Perhaps she knew and had seen me take them. Jasper had been her dog, and he ran at my heels now. The roses were hers and I cut them. Did she resent me and fear me as I resented her? Did she want Maxim alone in the house again? I could fight the living but I could not fight the dead. If there was some woman in London that Maxim loved, someone he wrote to, visited, dined with, slept with, I could fight with her. We would stand on common ground. I should not be afraid. Anger and jealousy were things that could be conquered. One day the woman would grow old or tired or different, and Maxim would not love her any more. 

But Rebecca would never grow old. Rebecca would always be the same. And her I could not fight. She was too strong for me. 


Devika 


Chapter 20 – Maxim describes who Rebecca really was, and the bargain by which they lived, how he tolerated her after discovering her vices within five days of marrying her. The murder is described

He whipped round and looked at me as I sat there huddled on the floor. ‘You thought I loved Rebecca? ‘You thought I killed her, loving her? I hated her. Our marriage was a farce from the very first. She was vicious, damnable, rotten through and through. We never loved each other, never had one moment of happiness together. Rebecca was incapable of love, of tenderness, of decency. She was not even normal.’

‘She was clever of course,’ he said. ‘Damnably clever. No one would guess meeting her that she was not the kindest, most generous, most gifted person in the world. She knew exactly what to say to different people, how to match her mood to theirs. Had she met you, she would have walked off into the garden with you, arm-in arm, calling to Jasper, chatting about flowers, music, painting, whatever she knew to be your particular hobby; and you would have been taken in, like the rest. You would have sat at her feet and worshipped her.’

‘When I married her, I was told I was the luckiest man in the world,' he said. ‘She was so lovely, so accomplished, so amusing. Even Gran, the most difficult person to please in those days, adored her from the first. “She's got the three things that matter in a wife,” she told me: “breeding, brains, and beauty.” And I believed her or forced myself to believe her. But all the time I had a seed of doubt at the back of my mind. There was something about her eyes. . .

Once more I saw myself standing on the beach beside poor startled Ben. ‘You’re kind,’ he said, ‘not like the other one. You won’t put me to the asylum, will you?’ There was some- one who walked through the woods by night, someone tall and slim. She gave you the feeling of a snake . . .

Maxim was talking though. ‘I found her out at once, five days after we were married. You remember that time I drove you in the car? She sat there, laughing, her black hair blowing in the wind ; she told me about herself, told me things I shall never repeat to a living soul. Beauty, brains, and breeding. Oh, my God!’

‘I nearly killed her then ‘It would have been so easy. One false step, one slip. You remember the precipice. I frightened you, didn’t I? You thought I was mad. Perhaps I was. 

‘She made a bargain with me up there, on the side of the precipice,’ he said. ‘ “I’ll run your house for you, “I’ll look after your precious Manderley for you, make it the most famous show-place in all the country. And people will visit us, envy us, talk about us ; they’ll say we are the luckiest, happiest, handsomest couple in all England. What a leg-pull. Max! “What a God-damn triumph!” She sat there on the hillside, laughing.

‘I did not kill her,’ he said. ‘I watched her, I let her laugh She knew I would do as she suggested: come to Manderley, throw the place open, entertain, have our marriage spoken of as the success of the century. She knew I would sacrifice pride, honour, personal feelings, every damned quality on earth, rather than stand before our little World after a week of marriage and have them know the things about her that she had told me then. She knew I would never stand in a divorce court and give her away, have fingers pointing at us, mud flung at us in the newspapers.

He came and stood before me. He held out his hands. ‘You despise me, don’t you? 

I did not say anything, I held his hands against my heart. I did not care about his shame. None of the things that he had told me mattered to me at all. I clung to one thing only, and repeated it to myself, over and over again. Maxim did not love Rebecca. He had never loved her, never, never. 


Gopa

Ch 23 – Favell, Rebecca’s lover, accuses Maxim De Winter before the magistrate, Colonel Julyan, of murdering Rebecca 

“There he stands with that God damned superior smile on his face”.

‘Look here, Favell,' he said, 'what exactly is your trouble?' 

Favell stared at him a moment. I could see he was planning something in his mind, and he was still not sober enough to carry it through. He put his hand slowly in his waistcoat pocket and brought out Rebecca's note. "This note was written a few hours before Rebecca was supposed to have set out on that suicidal sail. Here it is. I want you to read it, and say whether you think a woman who wrote that note had made up her mind to kill herself.' Colonel Julyan took a pair of spectacles from a case in his pocket and read the note. Then he handed it back to Favell. 

'No,' he said, 'on the face of it, no. But I don't know what the note refers to. Perhaps you do. Or perhaps de Winter does?' 

Maxim did not say anything. Favell twisted the piece of paper in his fingers, considering Colonel Julyan all the while. 'My cousin made a definite appointment in that note, didn't she?' he said. 'She deliberately asked me to drive down to Manderley that night because she had something to tell me. What it actually was I don't suppose we shall ever know, but that's beside the point. She made the appointment, and she was to spend the night in the cottage on purpose to see me alone. The mere fact of her going for a sail never surprised me. It was the sort of thing she did, for an hour or so, after a long day in London. But to plug holes in the cabin and deliberately drown herself, the hysterical impulsive freak of a neurotic girl - oh, no, Colonel Julyan, by Christ no!' The colour had flooded into his face, and the last words were shouted. His manner was not helpful to him, and I could see by the thin line of Colonel Julyan's mouth that he had not taken to Favell. 

'My dear fellow,' he said, 'it's not the slightest use your losing your temper with me. I'm not the Coroner who conducted the enquiry this afternoon, nor am I a member of the jury who gave the verdict. I'm merely the magistrate of the district. Naturally I want to help you all I can, and de Winter, too. You say you refuse to believe your cousin committed suicide. On the other hand you heard, as we all did, the evidence of the boat-builder. The seacocks were open, the holes were there. Very well. Suppose we get to the point. What do you suggest really happened?' 

Favell turned his head and looked slowly towards Maxim. He was still twisting the note between his fingers. 'Rebecca never opened those seacocks, nor split the holes in the planking. Rebecca never committed suicide. You've asked for my opinion, and by God you shall have it. Rebecca was murdered. And if you want to know who the murderer is, why there he stands, by the window there, with that God-damned superior smile on his face. He couldn't even wait could he, until the year was out, before marrying the first girl he set eyes on? There he is, there's your murderer for you, Mr Maximilian de Winter. Take a good long look at him. He'd look well hanging, wouldn't he?'

And Favell began to laugh,  the laugh of a drunkard, high pitched, forced, foolish and all the while twisting Rebecca’s note between his fingers.


Shoba


Ch 26 – A Nature description in which the heroine contemplates the peace and quiet of Manderley

When I awoke the next morning, just after six o'clock, and got up and went to the window there was a foggy dew upon the grass like frost, and the trees were shrouded in a white mist. There was a chill in the air and a little, fresh wind, and the cold, quiet smell of autumn. 

As I knelt by the window looking down on to the rose-garden where the flowers themselves drooped upon their stalks, the petals brown and dragging after last night's rain, the happenings of the day before seemed remote and unreal. Here at Manderley a new day was starting, the things of the garden were not concerned with our troubles. A blackbird ran across the rose-garden to the lawns in swift, short rushes, stopping now and again to stab at the earth with his yellow beak. A thrush, too, went about his business, and two stout little wagtails, following one another, and a little cluster of twittering sparrows. A gull poised himself high in the air, silent and alone, and then spread his wings wide and swooped beyond the lawns to the woods and the Happy Valley. These things continued, our worries and anxieties had no power to alter them. Soon the gardeners would be astir, brushing the first leaves from the lawns and the paths, raking the gravel in the drive. Pails would clank in the courtyard behind the house, the hose would be turned on the car, the little scullery maid would begin to chatter through the open door to the men in the yard. There would be the crisp, hot smell of bacon. The housemaids would open up the house, throw wide the windows, draw back the curtains. 

The dogs would crawl from their baskets, yawn and stretch themselves, wander out on to the terrace and blink at the first struggles of the pale sun coming through the mist. Robert would lay the table for breakfast, bring in those piping scones, the clutch of eggs, the glass dishes of honey, jam, and marmalade, the bowl of peaches, the cluster of purple grapes with the bloom upon them still, hot from the greenhouses. 

Maids sweeping in the morning-room, the drawing-room, the fresh clean air pouring into the long open windows. Smoke curling from the chimneys, and little by little the autumn mist fading away and the trees and the banks and the woods taking shape, the glimmer of the sea showing with the sun upon it below the valley, the beacon standing tall and straight upon the headland. 

The peace of Manderley. The quietude and the grace. Whoever lived within its walls, whatever trouble there was and strife, however much uneasiness and pain, no matter what tears were shed, what sorrows borne, the peace of Manderley could not be broken or the loveliness destroyed. The flowers that died would bloom again another year, the same birds build their nests, the same trees blossom. The old quiet moss smell would linger in the air, and bees would come, and crickets, and herons build their nests in the deep dark woods. The butterflies would dance their merry jig across the lawns, and spiders spin foggy webs, and small startled rabbits who had no business to come trespassing poke their faces through the crowded shrubs. There would be lilac, and honeysuckle still, and the white magnolia buds unfolding slow and tight beneath the dining-room window. No one would ever hurt Manderley. It would lie always in a hollow like an enchanted thing, guarded by the woods, safe, secure, while the sea broke and ran and came again in the little shingle bays below. 


Pamela


Ch 27 – The ending, with the fire that destroyed Manderley.

Back again into the moving unquiet depths. I was writing letters in the morning-room. I was sending out invitations. I wrote them all myself with a thick black pen. But when I looked down to see what I had written it was not my small square handwriting at all, it was long, and slanting, with curious pointed strokes. I pushed the cards away from the blotter and hid them. I got up and went to the looking-glass. A face stared back at me that was not my own. It was very pale, very lovely, framed in a cloud of dark hair. The eyes narrowed and smiled. The lips parted. The face in the glass stared back at me and laughed. And I saw then that she was sitting on a chair before the dressing-table in her bedroom, and Maxim was brushing her hair. He held her hair in his hands, and as he brushed it he wound it slowly into a thick rope. It twisted like a snake, and he took hold of it with both hands and smiled at Rebecca and put it round his neck. 

'No,' I screamed. 'No, no. We must go to Switzerland. Colonel Julyan said we must go to Switzerland.'

I felt Maxim's hand upon my face. 'What is it?' he said. 'What's the matter?'

I sat up and pushed my hair away from my face.

'I can't sleep,' I said. 'It's no use.'

'You've been sleeping,' he said. 'You've slept for two hours. It's quarter past two. We're four miles the other side of Lanyon.'

It was even colder than before. I shuddered in the darkness of the car.

'I'll come beside you,' I said. 'We shall be back by three.'

I climbed over and sat beside him, staring in front of me through the wind-screen. I put my hand on his knee. My teeth were chattering.

'You're cold,' he said.

'Yes,' I said.

The hills rose in front of us, and dipped, and rose again. It was quite dark. The stars had gone.

'What time did you say it was?' I asked.

'Twenty past two,' he said.

'It's funny,' I said. 'It looks almost as though the dawn was breaking over there, beyond those hills. It can't be though, it's too early.'

'It's the wrong direction,' he said, 'you're looking west.'

'I know,' I said. 'It's funny, isn't it?'

He did not answer and I went on watching the sky. It seemed to get lighter even as I stared. Like the first red streak of sunrise. Little by little it spread across the sky.

'It's in winter you see the northern lights, isn't it?' I said. 'Not in summer?'

"That's not the northern lights,' he said. "That's Manderley.'

I glanced at him and saw his face. I saw his eyes.

'Maxim,' I said. 'Maxim, what is it?'

He drove faster, much faster. We topped the hill before us and saw Lanyon lying in a hollow at our feet. There to the left of us was the silver streak of the river, widening to the estuary at Kerrith six miles away. The road to Manderley lay ahead. There was no moon. The sky above our heads was inky black. But the sky on the horizon was not dark at all. It was shot with crimson, like a splash of blood. And the ashes blew towards us with the salt wind from the sea.











 





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