Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury – January 30, 2023

 First Edition of ‘Fahrenheit 451’ signed by Ray Bradbury, published by Ballantine Books in 1953

Fahrenheit 451 is a 1953 dystopian novel by American writer Ray Bradbury, and one of his best works. A Dystopia (opposite is Utopia) is a place where everything is as bad as possible. The novel presents a future American society set some time in the 2040s where all books are outlawed and ‘firemen’ burn them if they are found. The novel’s tagline explains the title as ‘the temperature at which book-paper catches fire, and burns.’

Fireman book-burner pictured with his kerosene flame-thrower on the cover of an edition of Fahrenheit 451

The protagonist, Guy Montag, is a fireman who becomes disillusioned with his job, and the society he lives in, after a series of encounters with a mysterious young girl named Clarisse, and a retired professor named Faber. Montag begins to secretly read books and becomes more and more aware of the oppressive nature of his society. He eventually joins a group of rebels who are working to preserve books and the knowledge they contain. The novel explores themes of censorship, the dangers of conformism, and the power of literature. Bradbury wrote the novel as a reaction to the McCarthyite political climate of the 1950s and as a warning about the dangers of censorship and the suppression of dissenting ideas.

Such trends are by no means things of the past. The Charlie Hebdo incident in Paris comes to mind. Though it is not strictly an issue of dissension or censorship, it certainly is one of intolerance. In the past year more than 1500 books have been banned in US school districts, mainly books on race and LGBTQ issues.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Charlie-Hebdo-shooting

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/apr/07/book-bans-pen-america-school-districts

Even today in India authorities attempt to use the police to squelch the expression of works critical of the government. This is contrary to the latitude given in the Constitution to a free press and to voice opinions that dissent from the majority (peacefully, of course). Many writers face the fate of Perumal Murugan who was hounded by Hindutva and caste-based groups which demanded a ban on his book Madhorubhagan, saying it was derogatory in its depiction of women and rituals. See:

https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/exclusive-censors-voice-within-me-now-says-writer-perumul-murugan-1448981

Most recently a BBC documentary was not banned, but its exhibition was suppressed in many locations, including educational institutions, by using the police to interfere.

It is well to remember what Salman Rushdie, himself the object of severe threats from Iranian mullahs, said: “What is freedom of expression? Without the freedom to offend, it ceases to exist.”

Salman Rushdie – After a near-fatal stabbing on Aug 11, 2022 — and decades of threats — the novelist speaks about writing as a death-defying act

The Indian writer Arundhati Roy has emphasised that freedom of expression is a fundamental human right and is essential for the functioning of a free and open society. She has also stressed the importance of protecting the rights of writers, journalists, and other artists to express their ideas freely, and the need to create an environment where dissenting voices can be heard.

 

It is an interesting fact that in 1954, the year after the novel was published, it was serialised in – of all places – Playboy magazine, helping it to reach an even wider audience.

‘Come on, woman!’ The woman knelt among the books, touching the drenched leather and cardboard, reading the gilt titles with her fingers while her eyes accused Montag

The biographer Sam Weller has noted that Bradbury predicted a raft of later technological developments in Fahrenheit 451, among them flat-screen televisions, iPod earbuds, Bluetooth headsets, ATMs, and rolling news. Even Facebook – given that people converse via a digital ‘wall’ in Bradbury’s novel – seems to have been prophetically prefigured in this novel. 

Humorous Poems _ Dec 14, 2022

 

                                 

Humour of every variety and form, extending even to the hallowed sonnet and the Bard, were chosen by the readers to exemplify the kind of verse that turns a wry smile at the corner of one’s lips, if not an outright guffaw. Thus Sonnet 138 of Shakespeare with its puns (‘Therefore I lie with her and she with me’) excites the mind as much as it thrills the funny bone.

Devika chose a poem that confessed the woes of a regular churchgoer in a village in Wales who had tried to keep his eyes from straying to the eligible young women who attended services at the local parish church. They cursed him for his adulterous looks and the poor fellow, in spite of his staring, never managed to get a girl, and remained forever ‘wry–necked without a mate.’

We met the old woman who swore to ‘wear purple with a red hat’ in 2013 when Amita Palat recited Jenny Joseph’s poem Warning. But did we know that this poem became the rallying cry of a society for women’s freedom, called the Red Hat Society? Sue Ellen Cooper of Fullerton, California, gave her friend a vintage red fedora and a copy of Warning for her 55th birthday. She went on to found the popular Red Hat Society; at  their public gatherings the women wore red hats and purple outfits!

 Jenny Joseph – When I Am an Old Woman I Shall Wear Purple

             

P.G Wodehouse was the author of a poem full of humour and indignation – an offended writer shoots the printer who committed intolerable misprints of his text. The judge at the trial sympathises because he has had similar dismal encounters; he quashes the jury’s verdict and dismisses the case in splendid rhyme:

I hereby quash and override
The jury's verdict. Gosh!' he cried.
‘Give me your hand. Yes, I insist,
You splendid fellow! Case dismissed.’

Poems by Anonymous have been famous, but we have not met a Mr. Nobody before in verse who does such mischief that cannot be traced to any living person. KumKum introduced the humorous verse of the unknown author. However we do recall Emily Dickinson’s short poem:

I’m Nobody! Who are you?
Are you – Nobody – too?
Then there’s a pair of us!
Don't tell! they'd advertise – you know!
How dreary – to be – Somebody!
How public – like a Frog –
To tell one’s name – the livelong June –
To an admiring Bog!

Reminds one that the poet had anticipated the purpose of much of social media today, such as Twitter.

Group pic 

                                               

Pamela in her lion’s head outfit gave voice to the little boy who visited the zoo and got swallowed by a lion. Albert’s Return is a hilarious poem in which we witness the parents of the unfortunate boy, about to receive the insurance cover on his life policy, when the mother tells the agent who has come to collect the monthly premium:

Our Albert's been et by a lion;
You've got to pay us for a change!

Priya recited a poem conveying the regret of a girl who didn’t listen to her mother, and neglected to care for teeth; she now faces the pain of the dentist’s chair:

If I’d known I was paving the way
…
The murder of fillin’s,
Injections and drillin’s,
I’d have thrown all me sherbet away.

         

Cat Morgan Introduces Himself

                                              

The cat poems of T.S Eliot not only provided relaxation and leisure to the poet and the little children of his friends for whom he wrote it, but they continue to entertain millions who read the poems today, and have seen the phenomenally successful musical Cats composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, based upon the 1939 collection Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats by T. S. Eliot. Cat Morgan Introduces Himself  is the final poem and represents a cat who has become the resident watchman in front of Faber & Faber’s London premises in Bloomsbury, where TSE worked as director.

I once was a Pirate what sailed the 'igh seas -
But now I've retired as a com-mission-aire:
And that's how you find me a-taking' my ease
And keepin' the door in a Bloomsbury Square.

We had two poems from the pen of Lewis Carroll, The Mad Gardener’s Song and Jabberwocky. Both are pieces of Carroll’s fantastic imagination. In the first a series of hallucinations dogs the subject of the poem and as he surveys various scenes and then recoils when a completely different fantasy is revealed below what appears at first sight:

He thought he saw a Banker's Clerk
Descending from the bus:
He looked again, and found it was
A Hippopotamus.
"If this should stay to dine," he said,
"There won't be much for us! 

Hippopotamus descending from the bus

Jabberwocky is an even more high-spirited flight of fancy. The father warns the son:

“Beware the Jabberwock, my son!
The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!

The son was watchful and took care of the Jabberwock:
One, two! One, two! And through and through
The vorpal blade went snicker-snack!
He left it dead, and with its head
He went galumphing back.

The significant feature of this poem is the invention of new portmanteau words – Lewis Carroll's term for a blend, a word into which are packed the sense (and sound) of two words, e.g. slithy for lithe and slimy. Jabberwocky, a poem from Through the Looking Glass, has words like frabjous, chortle, vorpal, frumious, mimsy, etc. which have all entered the dictionary.

Antic Hay by Aldous Huxley November 29th 2022

 Signed First Edition of novel published by Chatto & Windus, London, 1923

The selector of the novel, KumKum, was guided by a comment of Shashi Tharoor, the notable Indian parliamentarian, man of letters, diplomat, and former Under Secretary General of the United Nations. It seems even his wide education had not prepared him to read Antic Hay; he found it took him considerable attention and work in the library to track down the numerous allusions and references in the book to all things cultural  from books to art, and music to philosophy. He learned a lot from the furniture of Aldous Huxley’s mind and it impelled him to have as catholic an interest as Aldous Huxley in everything that belongs to the culture of humankind.

Furthermore, Priya had asked KumKum to select a ‘difficult’ book. In consequence KRG readers spent a great deal of time (those few who had the stamina) to pursue the activities of a motley cast of Londoners going about their life, loves, and obsessive activities in 1920s London. It belongs to novels of the genre that treat life in London – we have read another London novel – by Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway:
https://kochiread.blogspot.com/2021/02/virginia-woolf-mrs-dalloway-jan-29-2021.html

There is a web site www.LondonFictions.com that considers more than 80 novels celebrating London and the unique essence essence of that city of such pre-eminence in English literature. Here is the particular article dealing with Antic Hay:
https://www.londonfictions.com/aldous-huxley-antic-hay.html

It is a post-World War I London in which people have lost their moorings and the comfortable cultural pillars of orthodoxy that supported an untroubled Victorian civilisation. Here you see painters jostling with critics, sculptors trying to find space for their art in a world where the solidity of stone and marble have dissolved; social climbers making out with aspiring inventors; brilliant conversations between bespoke tailors and their exalted customers; dancehalls buzzing with the latest imported jazz bands to the music of which flighty young women in unconventional dress perform gyrations; men and women circumambulating the city aimlessly; and love, mostly of the kind where Cupid’s arrow misses the mark.

The cultural education Shashi Tharoor referred to is found in the numerous fragments of untranslated French, Italian, Latin, and German quotes. Pursuing them to their sources and meanings, and relating them to the context for the novel, affords the leisured reader some satisfaction that shee is now among the initiated. If you are a fan of opera it’s joy to come across Don Juan’s seductive thrust from the famous aria in Mozart’s Don Giovanni:

Là ci darem la mano,
Là mi dirai di sì.
Vedi, non è lontano;
Partiam, ben mio, da qui.

(There you will give me your hand,
There you will tell me 'yes’.
You see, it is not far,
Let's leave, my beloved.)

Zerlina answers she’d like to respond to the invitation, but can’t; her heart trembles. Mrs. Viveash (the Zerlina of the moment) answers to Gumbril (who fancies himself as Don Juan), with a bar from the opera:

Felice, è ver, sarei, (True, I could be happy.). 

Evocations of music abound and this one yields beauty when followed to its source, and the reader can listen from minute 2:50 onwards
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJnJjpMdT3Y

 

Don Giovanni – Come my beloved says Don Juan to Zerlina

The novel’s title and the epigraph that stands at the front of the book, are taken from the play Edward II by Christopher Marlowe:

My men like satyrs grazing on the lawns
Shall with their goat-feet dance the antic hay

There is a colourful scene in a jazz club showing the repetitive, frenetic movement in Chapter 15:

Scene from Ch 15: Theodore and Myra are dancing at a revue or cabaret club to a jazz band where the 'blackamoors' are playing jazz at a dancing club

Huxley paints a wonderful picture of the dance hall proceedings:

“What’s he to Hecuba?” The grinning blackamoors repeated the question, reiterated the answer on a tone of frightful unhappiness. The saxophone warbled on the verge of anguish. The couples revolved, marked time, stepped and stepped with an habitual precision, as though performing some ancient and profoundly significant rite. Some were in fancy dress, for this was a gala night at the cabaret. Young women disguised as callipygous Florentine pages, blue-breeched Gondoliers, black-breeched Toreadors circulated, moon-like, round the hall, clasped sometimes in the arms of Arabs, or white clowns, or more often of untravestied partners.

 Interesting that ‘blackamoors’ was the term in vogue at the time in London for Africans.

 One of the items from which Huxley derives much satire is the epiphany that descends on Gumbril when he thinks up inflatable rubber inserts as a way of safeguarding clients when they fall. Gumbril discusses the invention with his tailor Bojanus and decides to quit his day job, in order to develop, advertise, and sell his revolutionary pneumatic ‘Gumbril’s Patent Small-Clothes.’ Here is a modern fashion designer’s version, although he acknowledges no debt to Gumbril or Huxley in this 1923 novel:

Inflatable trousers – designer Harikrishnan’s methodology for inflatables was adopted from ‘morphing’, the traditional method of distorting photographs by assembling fragments of the same subject taken at different perspectives

Antic Hay turns out to be a comic dance that weaves the lives of various people living lives of no great purpose or ambition (leaving aside Gumbril and his inflatable trousers). Huxley explained his true intentions in a letter,

I will only point out that it is a book written by a member of what I may call the war-generation for others of his kind; and that it is intended to reflect – fantastically, of course, but none the less faithfully – the life and opinions of an age which has seen the violent disruption of almost all the standards, conventions and values current in the previous epoch.

Women Poets Poetry Session - October 21, 2022

Sea Poppies - The title of the poem by Hilda Dolittle

The October session of the Kochi Reading group was dedicated to women poets. A wide range of women poets were featured – we had two Malayalam poets, Sugatha Kumari and Balamani Amma, in translation; the Kannada writer Vaidehi also in translation; Warda Yassin, a British born Somali poet; Forugh Farrokhzad from Iran, Hilda Dolittle and Mary Oliver from USA and Meg Cox from UK. All the poets, except Mary Oliver, were new to the KRG readers. This opens up new vistas for those of us who enjoy reading poetry.

The reading year has reached its last stretch with only the next session in November for the novel Antic Hay by Aldous Huxley and the December session on humorous poems to kick start the Christmas celebrations. This last is the most anticipated session for the merriment it affords, not only through the poems, but by the fancy costumes and makeup readers wear for the occasion. This time hopefully we can all meet physically, instead of on Zoom. The Zoom platform has been a boon which allowed KRG to meet regularly during the almost three years of the Covid-19 pandemic; but the physical sessions we used to have at Yacht club  provided an intimacy that enhanced the literary zest. All of us will be happy to get back to regular meetings there, hopefully in 2023.

It is that time of year when we select the six novels for the coming year, so everyone is invited to put on their thinking caps on and select a great list. 

The women poets session was the first since Kumkum and Joe moved into their  beautiful apartment at DLF Riverside. Fort Kochi is poorer without these two lovely people, but Kumkum says she will be visiting often as she misses her house and the sea. We too miss the pictures of the sunset that Kumkum used to sends us on WhatsApp.

We missed three members at this session – Thomo, Geetha and Pamela. Pamela is visiting her daughters to discharge grandmother duties to welcome two beautiful angels, one in the US, and the other in Norway. But we hope to have her back with us soon.

Thomo and Geetha have set out on a Bharat Darshan in their Tata Nexon EV and will be away for sometime. They send us regular updates of their travels and we keep in touch through the marvels of modern technology. You can follow Thomo and his adventures on his Facebook handle @Thomas Chacko. As I write this, they have reached Hisar in Haryana.

Thomo and Geetha setting out from Ernakulam on their trip

Thomo at Kanyakumari – starting point of his Bharat Darshan; 

the Vivekananda Rock Memorial and Thiruvalluvar Statue are in the background.

Our resident poet, Joe penned these few lines in honour of our intrepid travellers: 

Bon Voyage to Thomo and Geetha

Like Shankaracharya

From Kalady to Kashmir 

Venture Thomo and Geetha

From Kanyakumari to Umling La without fear,

Part pilgrimage, part tourism,

Part dare, part adventure,

Plotting their route by an algorithm,

Through EV charging points well-measured,

Impelled by an avid quest,

To establish new records

For distance, time, height and the rest,

Traversing modern highways forwards

Even to ancient roads,

Filling their eager hearts

With the Discovery of India ! 

On the Beach by Nevil Shute Sep 22, 2022

 

The cover of the book owned by Saras’ father

The Kochi Reading Group's book selection for September was the apocalyptic novel On The Beach by Nevil Shute. Published in 1957, the novel presents a group of people in Melbourne waiting for a deadly radiation to reach them from the Northern Hemisphere. Two movies were made based on the book, one in 1959 directed by Stanley Kramer starring Gregory Peck as the Commander of the US submarine, Dwight Towers, and Ava Gardner as Moira Davidsson, the love interest. Again filmed in 2000 with the date of the action changed to 2006.

The book evoked strong feelings in all KRG members. KumKum called it “boring” and complained initially to Priya and Thommo about their book selection – though to be fair to her, she felt the book became interesting as she read on. There was also  vehement criticism of the book by Joe especially pertaining to the technical aspects of the command and control of nuclear weapons. When you read Joe's commentary on his reading selection, you will get a very succinct understanding of why such a situation is unlikely to happen in this present time. The rest of the group fell somewhere in between, where many felt that the scenario was quite possible and wondered about the eerie coincidence of the Russia-Ukaraine war going on right now and the similarities with the Covid Pandemic in 2020.

The book was first published as a four-part serial in the Sunday Graphic in April 1957. The term “on the beach” is a Royal Navy term meaning "“retired from service.”

The title also refers to T. S. Elliot's poem The Hollow Men, which includes the lines:

In this last of meeting places
We grope together
And avoid speech
Gathered on this beach of the tumid river.

Later printings of the novel included the above lines of Eliot's poem along with the closing lines on the title page under the author's name 

This is the way the world ends

Not with a bang but a whimper.

Thomo in his introduction of the author said that while he was reading the book he happened to listen to Carl Sagan, the famous cosmologist, who said the same thing: that in the event of a nuclear catastrophe, the world would not come to an end, we would die but the world would carry on as before. Life as we know it would disappear. Priya felt that the author was trying to caution people.

Poster of the 1959 film starring Gregory Peck as Captain Dwight and Ava Gardner as Moira

Thomo and Geetha saw the 2000 movie based on the book and said that it was set in a later time than the 1961 in the book. In the 2000 movie, scientist John Osborne crashes his Ferrari to end his life, differing significantly from the book where dies of carbon monoxide poisoning, starting his car and sitting in the closed garage. Thomo felt that if he had made the movie, he would have shown Osborne crashing his car in the race, which he felt was an appropriate way to die for a race-car enthusiast.

                      Poster of the film made in 2000

Romantic Poetry Session – August 18, 2022

Amelia Opie painted by her husband John Opie

The Romantic Poetry session is one that all KRG members look forward to, for it is a perfect time in Kerala to read poetry with a cup of tea or have hot pakoras with coffee – your favourite romantic poet is to hand and the rain is pattering outside.

All the big names of the Romantic Period – Keats, Wordsworth, Shelley, Southey, Byron and Blake – were selected. Shobha chose to spring a surprise on us with Polish poet Adam Mickiewisz, reciting excerpts from his epic poem Pan Tadeusz, a sort of a Polish Romeo and Juliet story about two warring families. The portion Shobha read was a description of the breakfast laid out in the Soplica household. The description had the KRG members in splits and a few stomachs were rumbling and the delights being described! The epic, which is compulsory reading in Polish schools has been made into film twice – in 1928 and 1999.

Pan Tadeusz, the1999 film

Another surprise was Priya’s selection of The Orphan Boy’s Tale by Amelia Opie, née Alderson, a poet and radical novelist who was a staunch abolitionist in Norwich, England. She has not been read before in KRG and was a welcome change.

How can we have a poetry session without Thommo’s songs! He chose Thomas More’s The Minstrel Boy, sung to the tune of an old Irish melody. Since Moore was an Irish poet and a lyricist of the Romantic period, it was most appropriate.

The opening bars of 'The Minstrel Boy', as found in the Gibson-Massie collection of the Irish Melodies at Queen's University Belfast

Joe read to us excerpts from John Keats letters where he sets out his philosophy about poetry. With Kumkum, you can be sure it would be John Keats; Devika and Pamela also chose Keats, making him the most popular poet of the session. 

This session of KRG poetry reading covered a wide range – of poetry, song and letters, of five of the “big six” among the male romantic poets, a female poet as well as a Polish poet, making it a very interesting evening.

Pre-Birthday Celebration visit to our Grande Dame KumKum by Shobha and Arundhaty on August 13th

How Green Was My Valley by Richard Llewellyn July 21, 2022

 

How Green Was My Valley, first edition cover 1939

How Green Was My Valley (HGWMV) was quite a phenomenon as a novel in 1939, and later as a film directed by John Ford in 1941. The novel kept the author, Richard Llewellyn, in clover. He who once worked as a dishwasher in Claridges Hotel, later lived in a suite at the same hotel after his commercial success.

He claimed to be Welsh, a miner’s son, but inquiry has shown he was born in London to an innkeeper and had no first-hand experience of the life of coal miners. His real name was Vivian Lloyd. What knowledge he had of Welsh miners came from a family who ran a bookshop in London. Their three sons would regale Llewellyn with stories of their father's experiences in a Welsh coal mine. More remarkable even is the fact that it was written in India while the author was stationed there with the British military just before WWII.

Richard Llewellyn did his research, as novelists are meant to do. These days critics look askance at authors or musicians appropriating from cultures other than their own. But this may be shortchanging the imaginative artist who can be from anywhere, but with sufficient gathering of knowledge and study can enter into a different time, a different culture and dwell so long in imagination there that it becomes their own. 

The village highlighted in How Green Was My Valley may have been based on Gilfach Goch in southern Wales

Th novel does romanticise the miserable lives which real miners led in those times in the pits, but that is an author’s prerogative to spin a story with imaginative recreation. The factual errors and the varnishing that the author wilfully wrote to make the novel more appealing is documented in this article in The Guardian. 

Clearly the story as told attracted the public even if the Welsh miners did not recognise themselves in the novel. It not only charmed the readers who have kept it in print, but it also became a multiple Oscar winning film in 1941. The novel has been translated into scores of languages. The film starred Maureen O'Hara (as Angharad) and a young Roddy McDowell as Huw, and was filmed in Malibu, California. It won six Oscars and was adapted twice for BBC television. A musical was also made.

Maureen O'Hara as Angharad, Walter Pidgeon as the pastor, Mr. Gruffydd

In the modern context of Climate Change, coal is the worst fossil fuel that causes global warming. Where it once was the major source of power generation in UK, new policies such as European Union’s directives for clean air have succeeded in limiting coal to a few percent in terms of power generation in UK. It is as good as dead there although it thrives in markets like India where the percentage of power generation from coal was ~80% in 2021, in China ~64%, and in the United States ~20%.

A brooch, set with a garnet, on a lover's knot of gold – the present that Huw gave Bron

Some of the readers noted the bucolic scenes of nature painted in words by Richard Llewellyn. They make good reading. But all the romances in the novel are ill-fated and presage the unhappy ending. Three sequels followed but none had the success of HGWMV. 

Several of the readers were familiar with the novel from their youth, but reading it again decades later made the poignancy of the story and the complexity of the inner lives of the characters stand out. There was humour too and everyone enjoyed the readings and discussions … many thanks to Shobha and Zakia who selected the novel.

Dai Bando and Cyfartha Lewis are appointed to teach Huw how to box

Poetry Session – June 30, 2022

Nabaneeta Dev Sen

Two of the poets presented were in translation, one from Bangla and the other from French. The Bangla poet Nabaneeta Dev Sen who wrote a small number of her poems in English, left a useful guide for translators in her essay Translating Between Cultures: Translation and Its Discontents. Her questions to guide translators were these:

– Should one prioritise the content or the spirit of the poem?
– Should the translation remain faithful to the text, or is a freer version required?
– How should the quirks of an author’s unconventional syntax be rendered into the target language?
– What to do with cultural and linguistic details like rituals, gestures, dialectal colloquialisms and idioms?
– Should footnotes be used to explain allusions to history, mythology, and prior literature?
– If the original poem has a formal structure such as meter and rhyme, is it necessary to retain that and if so, at what cost?
– Should divisions such as line breaks and stanzas be followed?

The ideal is that translations should not read as translations, but as “poems, a new voice perfect in their own right, transcending the barriers …” (Wendy Doniger)

 While Nabaneeta Dev Sen had the close collaboration of her daughter to create the translations, in Victor Hugo’s case (poem A Sunset chosen by Zakia from the collection Feuilles d'Automne or Leaves of Autumn), the translator was the original poet and mystic, Francis Thompson, well-known for his poem The Hound of Heaven:

I fled Him, down the nights and down the days;
I fled Him, down the arches of the years;
I fled Him, down the labyrinthine ways
Of my own mind; and in the mist of tears

 We had two Welsh poets represented, Alun Lewis the war poet who wrote two small poetry collections and two short books of prose which have stood the test of time. He was dead at 28 in a brutal war he despised but which he joined, ignoring a long history of mental depression and a strong pacifist bent.  He said: “I’m not going to kill. Be killed perhaps, instead.”

 Geetha’s choice was an eloquent rendering of Fern Hill by Dylan Thomas, the more famous hard-drinking poet of Wales who was considered too Welsh to be English in England, and had the simultaneous misfortune of being too English for the Welsh. Everybody remembers him for his villanelle Do not go gentle into that good night

Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

To reciprocate Joe’s choice of a Bangla poet, KumKum chose a Malayali poet, though one who wrote all his poems in English, having been brought up outside Kerala. Apart from writing poems, the best experience in his life was getting married to a wonderful doctor, Kavery Nambisan, from Kodagu (Coorg) who is a literary person, in addition to spending a life of service as a doctor in remote areas.

Kavery Nambisan who works in rural hospitals has written seven books novels and children's books

Thomo was true to form in choosing a lyricist and song-writer, the front man of the Led Zeppelin rock band. He sang for us one of the famous numbers, Stairway to Heaven, which delighted everyone. But having to go off on a rescue mission to a wedding, he could not be present. Readers must be thankful he sent a recording which is permanently theirs to listen to from a link below within this blog post.

Arundhaty chose a poet, Suniti Namjoshi, who is in the forefront of the feminist movement, but began her professional life as an officer in the Indian Administrative Service before pursuing higher studies abroad. She wrote poems and stories and became a noted academic in Canada, USA and UK. The poem chosen was somewhat dark:

… a poet lives
like any other creature, talks perhaps
more than is normal, her doom no brighter,
nor her death less dismal than any other.

We had Devika reciting an elegy for Africa (a continent of countries she loves) by one of its famous sons from Sierra Leone who overcame racism and prejudice to contribute at the highest level of academia, medical science and poetry – Davidson Nicol. Africa, he describes, as a continent for loving:

… the hibiscus blooms in shameless scarlet
and the bougainvillea in mauve passion
entwines itself around strong branches
the palm trees stand like tall proud moral women
shaking their plaited locks against the
cool suggestive evening breeze;

Shoba recited an astrophysical poem by Marie Howe, inspired by black holes and the singularity (infinity) Einstein found as one possible solution to his famous equations of Gravitation in 1916. Black holes were made popular by Stephen Hawking (to whom the poem is dedicated), although it was the physicist John Wheeler who first used the term in 1967. The poem is titled Singularity and written in the form of an interior monologue, reflecting on the origin of the universe and humans.

Singularity by Marie Howe